Bolts are essential fasteners used to assemble two or more components in various structures, providing a strong and secure joint. They consist of a head, shank, and threaded end. The head, typically hexagonal, allows for torque application using tools like wrenches. The shank is partially or fully threaded to engage with a nut or a tapped hole, creating the necessary clamping force when tightened.

Bolts differ from screws in that they usually require a nut for assembly, whereas screws mate directly with a tapped hole. They are commonly used in construction, automotive, and machinery industries due to their reliability and strength. Bolts come in various types, such as carriage bolts, eye bolts, and flange bolts, each designed for specific applications. Material choices, including steel, stainless steel, and alloys, determine their suitability for different environments and load requirements. Proper bolt selection and installation ensure the integrity and safety of the assembly. ISO 4014 / DIN 931: Hexagon head bolts, partially threaded.
ISO 4017 / DIN 933: Hexagon head bolts, fully threaded.
ISO 4762 / DIN 912: Hexagon socket head cap screws.
DIN 603: Carriage bolts with a round head and square neck.
ISO 4162: Hexagon flange bolts with a built-in washer.
DIN 479: Square head bolts.
DIN 580: Eye bolts for lifting.
DIN 3570: U-bolts for attaching pipes to structures.
DIN 938: Stud bolts (threaded rods without heads).
ISO 898-1: Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel.
ISO 898-2: Mechanical properties of nuts.
ISO 261: General purpose metric screw threads.
DIN 6914: High-strength structural bolts.
DIN 7990: Bolts for steel structures.